Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Past Perfect Tense indicates a past action which is completed before another past action.
पास्ट परफेक्ट टेन्स एक अतीत की क्रिया को बताता है जो एक और पिछली क्रिया से पहले पूरी हो जाती है।
It is used to make it clear that one event happened before another in the past.
इसका उपयोग यह बताता है कि अतीत में एक घटना दूसरे से पहले हुई थी।
Example: I had finished my work before she came.
उदाहरण:उसके आने से पहले मैंने अपना काम पूरा कर लिया था |
Here ‘ had finished ‘ action happened first and then she came .
इस उदाहरण में पहले काम पूरा हुआ है फिर वह आयी है |
It represents two actions which were occurred in the past. In this, one task ends before another task. Later action follows simple past (past indefinite) .
यह दो कार्यों का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है जो अतीत में हुए थे; इसमें एक कार्य दूसरे कार्य से पहले समाप्त होता है दूसरा और बाद का कार्य सिंपल पास्ट(past indefinite) में होता है
Example: I had saved my work before the computer crashed.
उदाहरण: कंप्यूटर क्रैश होने से पहले मैंने अपना काम सहेज लिया था |
First action: I had finished my work
Second action: The computer crashed
Here the first action follows past perfect using ‘ had ‘+verb 3 rd form and the second action follows past indefinite using subject +verb 2nd.
यहाँ पहली क्रिया पास्ट परफेक्ट का अनुसरण करती है जिसमें ‘ had ‘+verb 3 rd फॉर्म का उपयोग किया जाता है और दूसरी क्रिया subject +verb 2nd. का उपयोग करते हुए past indefinite tense का अनुसरण करती है।
Structure:-
Subject + had + past participle ( verb 3rd )
जब दो कार्य हो I
पहला कार्य
Subject + had + past participle ( verb 3rd )
बाद का कार्य
Subject + verb 2nd form
Full structure:-
Subject + had + past participle( verb 3rd form ) + before + subject + verb 2nd form
Example: The thief had fled before the police came.
उदाहरण: पुलिस के आने से पहले चोर भाग गया था|
What is the first action in this sentence?
The thief fled.
Who came after?
The police came.
We will make this sentence according to above given structure.
इसमे पहला कार्य क्या है ?
चोर का भाग जाना I
बाद में कौन आया ?
पुलिस आयी I
तो हम इस वाक्य को ऊपर दी गई संरचना के अनुसार बनाएंगे|
जब Sentence में after आये:-
Subject + verb 2nd form +after +Subject + had +past participle (verb 3rd form )
Example: The patient died after the doctor had come.
उदाहरण: डॉक्टर के आने के बाद मरीज़ मर गया |
What is the first action in this sentence?
Doctor’s arrival.
Second action.
Patient’s death.
In this sentence ‘after’ is used, so we will make this sentence using ‘after’ according to the given structure.
इसमे पहला काम क्या है ?
इसमे डॉक्टर पहले आया है और
मरीज़ बाद में मरा है |
इसमे after आया है तो इसको after वाले structure से बनाएँगे |
Already / Just / Never / Until that day / Not yet are also used
इस टेंस में Already / Just / Never / Until that day / Not yet का भी प्रयोग करते है
Example:
1. I had already finished my work.
मैंने अपना काम पहले ही पूरा कर लिया था।
2. He had not completed his homework yet.
उसने अभी तक अपना गृहकार्य पूरा नहीं किया था।
Negative
Subject + had not + past participle (verb 3rd form )
Example: He had not seen the Taj Mahal yet.
उदाहरण: उसने अभी तक ताजमहल नही देखा था |
Interrogative
Had + Subject + past participle ( verb 3rd form )?
Example: Had you finished your work by evening?
उदाहरण: क्या तुमने शाम तक अपना काम खत्म कर लिया था?
Question word + had +Subject +past participle (verb 3rd form)?
Example: What had you done yesterday?
उदाहरण: तुमने कल क्या किया था ?
Exercise
A. Choose one right option .
1. The old man __________ before the doctor came.
A. died
B. has died
C. had died
2. He had not _____his work.
A. Finish
B. Finished
C. both ( a) and (b)
3. He _________the room before I came .
A. Left
B. Leave
C. Had left
4. He left the class after the teacher ______
A. Had arrived
B. Arrived
C. Arrival
5. We had met before you _____to Mumbai.
A. Move
B. Moved
C. Had moved
B. Translate in English
1. उसने अपना कार्य कर लिया था |
2. बारिश रुकने के बाद वह खेलने गया |
3. क्या उसने अपना पाठ याद कर लिया था?
4. उसके आने से पहले मैने अपना काम कर लिया था |